The Effect of Respiratory Challenge on the BOLD Signal

Launched by WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · Feb 3, 2020

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Eligibility criteria

• Inclusion Criteria:
• • 1. Healthy adult subjects (\>18 years old) OR adult patients (\>18 years old) diagnosed with vascular pathology of the brain willing to participate and sign a consent form.
• • 2. Able to participate in MRI scan without sedation
• • 3. Not on stimulant medications
• • 4. No psychiatric history, as defined by seeing a psychiatrist for medical evaluation and treatment, or taking anti-depressant medications
• • 5. No seizure history
• • 6. May have occasional headaches if not taking a daily preventative medication for headaches
• • 7. Not on vasodilatory medication, such as sildenafil or verapamil
• Exclusion Criteria:
• • 1. Subjects refusing to undergo testing
• • 2. Subjects with obstructive or resistive lung disease whose PaCO2 at rest is greater than 50mmHg or whose venous serum bicarbonate is greater than 26 mEq/L
• • 3. Subjects with pre-existing respiratory or metabolic acidosis
• • 4. Subjects who require portable oxygen at rest or with exercise
• • 5. Subjects with chronic heart failure or severe pulmonary disease who are unable to climb one flight of stairs due to shortness of breath
• • 6. Subjects with severe heart failure or restrictive lung disease with resting respiratory rate over 15 breaths/min 2. Patients that cannot participate in a course of rehabilitation therapy.
• 7. Subjects that cannot undergo an MRI scan due to one of the following indications:
• • Pregnancy
• • Obtundation, or Coma
• • Confusion, Delirium, or Dementia
• • Unable to understand or carry out commands regarding keeping still and breathing pattern
• • Increased intracranial pressure due to space occupying lesion or obstruction of outflow of CSF
• • Claustrophobia
• • History of kidney problems
• • Pace makers
• • Skin tattoos
• • Neurostimulators (TENS-unit)
• • Implanted drug infusion device (i.e., insulin pump)
• • Exposure of metal fragments to your eye
• • Artificial heart valves
• • Aneurysm clips
• • Cochlear implants
• • Metallic implants and prosthesis
• • Vascular stent or stent graft
• • History as a metal worker
• • Shrapnel or bullet wounds
• • Dorsal column stimulators