Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Therapy in Periodontitis

Launched by MARMARA UNIVERSITY · Mar 1, 2022

Keywords

ClinConnect Summary

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory process that can result in tooth loss and also is considered a modifying factor for systemic health. In bone tissue, bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts are repeated continuously. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that derive from monocyte-/macrophage-lineage cells and resorb bone. In contrast, osteoblasts mediate osteoclastogenesis by expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), which is expressed as a membrane-associated cytokine. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble RANKL decoy receptor that i...

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Eligibility criteria

• Inclusion Criteria:
• • 1. systemically healthy individuals
• • 2. having ≥20 teeth present (except third molars)
• • 3. individuals with periodontally healthy, periodontitis stage III grade C diagnoses
• • 4. Smokers were smoking 10 cigarettes per day more than 5 years while non-smokers were never smoked.
• Exclusion Criteria:
• • 1. having any diagnosed medical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, immunological and mucocutaneous diseases
• • 2. usage of antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressive agents within the past 6 months
• • 3. having any non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease
• • 4. nonsurgical/surgical periodontal therapy received in the past year
• • 5. pregnant/ lactating/ postmenopausal females.