Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up on Respiratory Variables, Physiological Indices, and 400-meter Performance in Elite Male Runners - Randomized Crossover Trial

Launched by INSTITUTE OF SPORT - NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, POLAND · Mar 13, 2025

Keywords

ClinConnect Summary

Thirteen male 400-meter sprinters were included in analysis The participants' best recorded times ranged between 49.71 seconds and 51.74 seconds (Mean: 50.78±0.65 s). The required sample size was determined using\*Power software (version 3.1.9.6; Dusseldorf, Germany), with a significance level of α = 0.05, statistical power (1 - β) = 0.95, and an effect size of ƒ = 0.5 (ANOVA with repeated measures, within interaction, 4 measurements) and totaled 10 participants. Initially, 14 athletes were recruited with convenience sampling by direct contact with coaches and athletes. One athlete dropped ...

Gender

MALE

Eligibility criteria

• Inclusion Criteria:
• • Athletes included in the study had previous competition experience in 400-meter track events on national level, no history of respiratory diseases, were non-smokers, and had not experienced any sports injuries in the past five months. All the participants were healthy and medically cleared to take part in competitive track and field.
• Exclusion Criteria:
• • The exclusion criteria were: using any ongoing medication or using performance-enhancing substances, and any acute or chronic illness.